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This conceptual paper provides guidance for the implementation of a functionalISO 9001 quality management system (QMS) in small and medium-sizedenterprises (SMEs). To help a SME understand its starting point, four initialstates for QMS implementation are defined. Five paths for moving the QMS fromthe initial state to the desired state are described. To support the transition fromthe initial to the desired state, some key considerations in implementing a QMSin SMEs are discussed. The paper is based on site visits and implementationassistance the authors have provided to several SMEs. It is anticipated the paperwill help managers in SMEs understand the process of implementing ISO 9001and help them avoid the development of a paper-driven QMS that provideslimited value.