The article combines theoretical analysis with the empirical research and discusses the role of academic book in the process of academic socialization. The interpretation of the role of academic book depends on the conceptualization of the process of socialization. Therefore opposite approaches of academic socialization are discussed. If functionalism treats socialization as an adoptionto the fixed societal roles, constructivism treats socialization as the development of distinct identity. The development of identity is not successive but includes different stages that do not consequentlyfollow one from another. The tropic nature of the discontinuous process of socialization is discussed. The interpretation of academic books by different according the level of academic socialization groups reveals different tropes that shape the different discourses and treatments of academic books. For Bachelor students the acquaintance with academic books is closely related with the building of professional self-identity. Critical and constructive evaluation of the Publishing Programme Books for an Open Society by Master degree and especially by Doctoral degree students, prove the Programme’s books to be an important factor of education of critical thinking, academic and professional socialization. Number of books of one academic discipline supported by the Programme could be considered as an indicator of the academic power of the discipline. The focus group discussions support the hypothesis that studies in the disciplines that have more academic power causes better academic socialization and quicker development of the professional self-identity.

academic book --- publishing --- Open Society --- academic socialization

Lev Vladimirov (1912–1999) is one of the most famous and most prolific representatives of librarianship, bibliology and information sciences, the founder of the before mentioned spheres in Lithuania. The article focuses on the development of L. Vladimirov’s multidimensional interests, the priorities and interelations, mainly focusing on his works in book science. Biographical research helps reveal the circumstances that influenced L. Vladimirov’s work and attidude, as well as helps name the fundamental stages of his work. Much attention is paid to his family as one of the crucial elements that developed his personality and social skills. The prevailing values in the family predetermined the scholar’s social, political attitudes and models of behaviour. L. Vladimirov’s biography is analysed since the very childhood in the bookish people family, the questions of origin and identity are raised, the importance of education in interwar Lithuania in Siauliai German Progymnasium (1923–1928), in Silute Herder’s Real Gymnasium (1928–1932) and studies inKaunas Vytautas Magnum and Vilnius Universities (1932–1940) are assessed. The stages of scientific and professional work are discussed – starting from the beginning to work at Vilnius University in 1948, L. Vladimirov, while supervising the library of the university, trained and educated specialists and staff of librarianship. The job in Vilnius University and its library was a possibility for L. Vladimirov to start works in librarianship, take interest in ancient books, Lithuanian culture, its heritage and place in the world context. In 1964–1970 L. Vladimirov lead Dag HammarskjöldLibrary of United Nations in New York, took part in International Federation of Library Associations (IFLA) works. While working in the library he had an opportunity to apply to the sources of book origin that were hardly available in Lithuania. New experience inspired new directions in scientific researches – the publications on book futurology and researches of the book significance in information technology system appeared.L. Vladimirov’s biography research was aimed at joining the biography periods and facts into one entity, at correcting some misguided facts, restoring the picture of the circumstances that influenced his works and attitude. The research is significant while assessing L. Vladimirov’s contribution and importance in the context of Lithuanian book science school.

Vladimirov --- Lev --- book history --- researcher --- librarian --- biography

The article treats the changes in the direction of the publishing activities, the formation of the network of the state book publishing houses as well as the political and economic conditions of their activities in Estonia during the second Soviet occupation in 1944–1991. These years have been divided in three periods according to political history: the Stalinist era in 1944–1956; the thawand stagnation in 1956–1986 and the political break-through leading to the restoration of independence in 1987–1991.Special attention is paid to the leading role of the Communist Party of the USSR and the Communist Party of the ESSR in publishing activities. For example, only the all-union communist party had a right to decide over the establishment of new publishing houses, the leading officials of the local and all-union communist party studied and confirmed the reports and plans of the publishers etc. For the implementation of the regulations of the communist party a specialadministrative body was established, operating under different names in different years. For example, during the all-union reform of 1949 it was called the Central Board of Printing Industry, Publishing and Book Trade by the Council of Ministers, after the reform of 1963 – the State Publishing Committee. The latter had especially wide authority and gave detailed instructions on organising the work in the publishing houses. The directions included rigid requirements about the planning process and co-ordination of the plans on local and all-union level. The co-ordination of plans became especially complex since 1975 when the publishing houses had to get consent fromthe Head Office of Thematic Planning and Co-ordination of the all-union State Publishing Committee for every manuscript they wished to include in their plans. Although this system was unable to function, it was not revoked. All this demonstrates the dependence of the Estonian publishing from the all-union directions and lack of its own publishing policy. The network of state book publishing houses experienced some changes during the all-union reforms in the book branch in 1949 and 1963. Only few publishing houses were active in Estonia during the whole period, only one publisher existed in Estonia in 1949–1957, in 1986 four state publishing houses issued books, one of them being a periodical publisher with a department forbooks in foreign languages. The small number of publishers had negative impact on the diversity of book production and for authors, whose possibilities to publish their works were limited. For example, there was no special publishing house for scholarly literature, which inhibited the development of many research areas.Major reforms of the system started in 1987, influenced by the changes in the political conditions. During the following years publishing became a right of every organisation and person who was interested in issuing publications. The number of publishers grew rapidly. The economic principles of publishing were also gradually adjusted to market economy.

publishing --- publishing houses --- Soviet rule --- Estonia --- 1944-1991

This article brings to notice a document discovered in the Russian State Historical Archive which relates to the inspection made by the Temporary Press Committee in Vilnius in 1914. A short description is given of the inspections made by the censorship department, with main reference to the organization of the censorship in Vilnius on the eve of the First World War: a profile is given of the Committee’s officials, with details for each censor of his education, income, and duties within the Committee. Particular attention is paid to the relations between individual members of the Committee. Analysis of the material on the inspection of 1914 and its findings reveals the problems encountered when appointing censors at the beginning of the twentieth century.

censorship --- Russian empire --- Vilnius --- 1914

The Soviet occupation and their ideology brought to Lithuania a new poster quality. The paper analyzes the problem of posters propaganda and manipulation, the inheritance of the not traditional documents and their inventory. The goal of this paper is to analyze the soviet posters in Lithuania in 1940–1953.The principal problems of this paper are to research the formation and the domination of the posters in Lithuania: which role they had in the politics. The paper also analyzes the soviet posters impact on farming and their influence to the society.To sum up, the new trend of art appeared in 1940 in Lithuania, which had the principal goal to propagate the soviet ideology in all the political and social spheres. The goal of the soviet posters as the media of information was to provide the distorted view of the reality. The soviet posters had dominated in Lithuania in 1940–1953. This period had left a very interesting and rich heritage. It is the importatant part of the cultural and historical heritage.

posters --- propaganda --- Soviet rule --- Lithuania --- 1940-1953

Over the last decade, the social role of local cultural institutions of all kinds has changed. A shift from the use of information on traditional paper-based carriers to electronic formats has takenplace. The implementation of technology has brought about the modernisation of basic work processes and widened the range of services and channels of access. There is closer intra- and interdomain co-operation both at national and international level. It is no longer easy to draw clear boundaries between archives, libraries and museums in terms of digital content provision.Memory institutions such as libraries, museums and archives are adjusting themselves to the digital age. Web-based services have been expanded, remote use of online catalogues and the accessibility of digitised heritage have all been improved. The task now is to create and promote new services which reach and motivate more people. New services require new tools, many of them ICT-based – and above all a new attitude.CALIMERA (Cultural Applications: Local Institutions Mediating Electronics Resource Access) Co-ordination Action, funded under Information Society Technologies Sixth Framework Programme has set out to help ordinary citizens right across Europe to join e-Europe through the digital services provided by their local cultural institutions. CALIMERA has continued to contribute to the sharing of best practice, producing guidelines and roadmaps with a special focus of local archives and museums and addressing the needs of the end user.The aim of CALIMERA Best Practice Guidelines is to provide policy makers and professionals working in cultural institutions at the local level with a concise and relevant summary of the state of the art in the use of new technologies. These Guidelines are intended to explain in a readable way how these technologies can be deployed to develop digital services designed to meet real user needs – social, cultural and economics – to stimulate wider take-up and creativity among the professional community. They are also intended to support a clearer understanding of the way in which local cultural services can play a key role in the fulfilment of major policy goals in Europe,including those of the e-Europe Action Plan.There are 23 separate Guidelines in all structured as three main roups covering Social, Management and Technical issues. Life-long learning, social disjuncture, cultural diversity, egovernment,social and economical development are the main problems discussed in the Social Policy Guidelines. In Management Guidelines one can meet the same problems discussed form another point. Strategic planning, co-operation and partnership, business models, new challenges forthe employees, activity and evaluation, legal and juridical aspects are tightly connected to the problems mentioned above and can help successfully resolve them. Technical aspects of resolving the problems are described in the third part – Technological Guidelines. Each section of the Guidelines ends up with the list of references to the library, museums and archives as well as other cultural and political organizations best practice examples from all over the world.

Digital content --- Digital services --- CALIMERA project --- Libraries --- museums --- archives --- Guidelines

Over recent years there has been an increased awareness on the part of state archives of the EU Member States of the needs of preserving electronic records. This has manifested itself in the significant amount of activity, especially in the formulation of regulations and recommendations concerning the treatment of electronic records in government agencies, and their transferral to the state archives. However, there still appears to be potential for greater synergy and cooperation in these matters in the various state archives of the EU Member States. The legal situation across Europe with regard to the archiving of public records generated by government agencies, and public access to such records, remains diverse. Differences exist not only in terms of the legal requirements, but also to the extent to which these are interpreted and enacted. Most of the activities on preserving electronic records and providing access to such recordshave been concentrated in the north-western States of the EU, and it is only within this region that specialised facilities within state archives for the preservation of electronic records have beenestablished. Much of the activity and developments with regard to the treatment and access of electronic records has been concentrated within state archives and central state government agencies.

Electronic records --- Archives --- Preservation --- European Union

The Lithuanian Cultural Institute (Lietuviu Kulturos Institutas, LKI) in Lampertheim-Hüttenfeld is an institution of the Lithuanian Community in Germany. It was founded 1981 in order to foster,conserve und study the Lithuanian cultural heritage in Germany. In the first years the institute has developed an archive and a library for Lithuanian literature. The library is based on extensive andvaluable collections of books donated by scholars in exile. Since 1991, an agreement assures the delivery of important new book releases by the National Library of Lithuania. Today the libraryconsists appoximately 10.000 titles. It includes an excellent selection of exile literature and literature of Lithuania since 1970. The library contains the largest collection of Lithuanian booksin Europe outside of Lithuania. The collection is databased in the Heidelberg library system HEIDI (http://www.uni-eidelberg.de/helios/kataloge/heidi/html). Since 1997, the library has been registered in the library system of southwestern Germany Südwestverbund (http://pollux.bsz-bw-de) and is connected to the Karslruher Virtuellen Katalog (http://www.ubka-uni-arlsruhe.de/kvk.html), making it accessible online throughout the world. All titles can be ordered directly or via interlibrary loan. Since the library is staffed by volunteers, the hours of operation are irregular. The library of LKI is sonsidered as a supplement of other libraries in Germany which contain little or non Lithuanian literature. In addition, the library serves as important resource of information for the Lithuanian Cultural Institute and its conferences.

Lithuanian library --- Exile --- Germany

The article provides a glimpse into the period of changes in publishing of the scholarly journal 'Knygotyra' in 1990s and further development till present days. The changes of editors and editorial policies, growth of the number of authors, articles and influence are the subjects of the article.

Journal --- Knygotyra --- Bibliography --- Minutes