Asian Journal of Crop Science
ISSN/EISSN: 19947879 20772041
Subject:
Plant Sciences
Publisher: Asian Network for Scientific Information
Country: Pakistan
Language: English
Start year 2009
Publication fee:
Yes
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Loading...The present investigation deals with the study of impact of micronutrient towards growth, development and physiology of crop plants under varying conditions ranging from deficiency to excess. Under laboratory condition, the impact of different levels of molybdenum on germination, seedling growth and other physiological attributes of Bengal gram (Cicer arietinum) were studied. Cicer arietinum seeds were selected and sown in Petri dish with different treatment solutions except control. Each treatment was replicated thrice. Morphological, growth and biochemical attributes of gram seedlings were measured during the experimental period. The present investigation showed that, there is significant (p<0.05) increase in % germination for all the treatments. Fresh weight and dry weight of gram seedlings significantly (p<0.05) increased up to 2 ppm molybdenum concentration and then reduced. Significant (p<0.05) increase in the level of sugar, chlorophyll were recorded upt o 7.5 ppm of molybdenum treatment and for ascorbic acid it is up to 6 ppm. From the enzyme assays, significant reduction (p<0.05) of peroxidase and nitrate reductase activity and enhanced catalase activity were observed at higher concentration of molybdenum treatment. From the Scanning electron microscopic study it was found that molybdenum has pronounced effect on the structural organization of root, shoot and leaves.
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Loading...The objective of this investigation was to study the effect of two different methods of selection (modified mass and family selection) for crown diameter on forage yield and quality in Ismailia 91 alfalfa variety (Medicago sativa L.). In 2007/2008, two hundred plants (5% intensity of selection) were selected for crown diameter, using the modified mass selection method. Equal seeds from each selected plant were bulked to form each of two selection cycles. Plants selected for C1 were also raised as half-sib families in 2008/2009 and selection was practiced between and within half-sib families for the best 10 families (5% intensity of selection). Seeds of selected half-sib families and both modified mass selection cycles C1 and C2 along with the base population were evaluated for forage yield and quality in 2009/2010 season. The realized gains after the two mass selection were 9.77, 12.68, 14.94, 14.00, 11.34,-14.91 and 12.47% for crown diameter, root length, fresh forage yield, dry forage yield, crude protein, crude fiber and ash (%), respectively over the base population. Gains from family selection as% of base population were 21.24, 16.91, 17.24, 16.00, 16.49,-16.41 and 18.90% for these traits in the same order. All studied traits were positively correlated but the correlation between crude fiber (%) and other traits were negative. However, two half sib-families (No. 1 and 6) were significantly higher than the original population for all studied traits except crude fiber (%). Results suggest that both mass and family selection for crown diameter resulted in great improvement of forage yield and quality. In addition, family selection appeared to be more rewarding than mass selection in improving yield and quality of alfalfa.
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Loading...A two years field study was conducted to evaluate the effect of response of two sweet sorghum cultivars to different sources and time of nitrogen application during 2009 and 2010 at experimental farm Faculty of Agriculture, South Valley University at Qena Governorate, Egypt. Two cultivars viz. Tracy and Honey and six combination of source and application time of nitrogen fertilizes viz. ammonium sulphate, 20.5% N in two equal doses (T1) and in three equal doses (T2), ammonium nitrate, 33.5% N in two equal doses (T3) and in three equal doses (T4), urea, 46.5% N in two equal doses (T5) and in three equal doses (T6) were tested in the study. The experiment was laid out in split plot design with cultivars in main plots and nitrogen fertilizers in sub-plots. Among sweet sorghum cultivars, cv Honey had the highest stalk height, stalk diameter, number of internodes per stalk, Brix value, sucrose content, apparent purity percentage and stalk and forage (leaves) yields and lowest reducing sugar content. Application of T4 gave the highest value of the above measurements and lowest reducing sugar content. Cultivar and nitrogen treatments interaction was significant on stalk and forage yields as well as reducing sugar content. The highest stalk and forage yields and lowest reducing sugar content were obtained by planting cv Honey and application of ammonium nitrate in three equal doses (at planting , 4 leaf stage and booting). Plant height, stalk diameter, forage yield, brix and sucrose were positively and strongly correlated with stalk yield.
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Loading...The aim of this study was to study the genotypic and phenotypic correlation in okra (Abelmoschus esculents) for eight traits, using 36 genotypes (6 parents, 15F1 and 15F2). The genotypic and phenotypic correlations values for most pairs of characters were more or less similar. Days to flowering showed negative and significant association with plant height, number of branches/plant, number of fruits/plant and total green fruit yield (ton/feddan) for parents, F1 and F2 populations. Positive correlation was observed between plant height and number of branches/plant for all populations. Number of branches/plant was positively correlated with each of number of fruit/plant, fruit diameter and total fruit yield (ton/feddan) for parents, F1 and F2 populations. Selection for this trait is seen as the most effective methods for improving yield. Significant and positive correlated was observed between number of fruit/plant and total green fruit yield (ton/feddan). Thus, the total green fruit yield in okra can be improved by selecting for number of fruits/plants. Fruit length showed positive with fruit weight for parents. Positive and significant correlation was observed between fruit diameter and total green fruit yield (ton/feddan) for all populations. Fruit weight showed negative associations with total green fruit yield (ton/feddan) for all populations. Total green fruit yield (ton/feddan) positively correlated with each of fruit diameter, number of branches/plant and number of fruit/plant for all populations (parents, F1 and F2). Such results suggested that total green fruit yield (ton/feddan) can be improved by increasing fruit diameter, number of branches/plant and number of fruit/plant through selection program.
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Loading...Field trials were conducted during the rainy seasons of 2005, 2006 and 2007 to study the contributions of some yield attributes to the seed yield of sesame. The experiments consisted of four levels of poultry manure (0, 5.0, 10.0 and 15.0 t ha-1), three levels of nitrogen in the form of urea (0, 60 and 120 kg N ha-1 ) and three levels of phosphorus in the form of single super phosphate (0, 13.2 and 26.4 kg P ha-1). The thirty six treatments were laid out in a split-plot design with three replications. The factorial combination of N and P were assigned to the main plot while poultry manure was assigned to the sub-plot. All yield attributes measured (number of capsules plant-1, capsule yield plant-1, seed yield plant-1 and seed oil-content), correlated positively and significantly (p = 0.01) with the yield throughout the years of experimentation and the mean of the three years. Path coefficient analysis revealed that the highest contribution among the yield components was made by seed yield per plant (0.5866a) followed by number of capsule per plant, capsule yield plant and seed oil content. The combined effect of two factors on the yield was observed to be inconsistent when the individual year is being considered but when the three year data was combined, the combined contribution of number of capsules per plant and seed yield per plant was found to be the highest (0.3989). The highest percent contribution to seed yield was made by and via seed yield per plant (34.4042 and 21.2104%) when the data is combined. Seed yield plant-1 should therefore, be considered as the most important traits in the determination of seed yield per unit area and selection of parents.
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Loading...Understanding of weed-crop interactions is needed for the development of integrated weed management systems. A field study was conducted to evaluate an existing model to predict corn yield loss as a function of different time of weed emergence and removal. The treatments were consisted of two different periods of weed interference at different stages of corn development using a randomized complete block design with 12 treatments and 3 replications. The data sets were analysed by a Gompertz nonlinear function. The results of this trial approved that model was robust enough to predict yield loss caused by a mixed weed infestation with a single set of parameters. In term of critical period of weed control, outcomes of the model showed that on the basis of 5% acceptable yield loss this period was 21-98 days after sowing and with 10% acceptable yield loss this period was 44-76 days after sowing. It reveals that corn is able to tolerate early weed competition. Therefore, weed control management strategies can be postponed till 21 or 44 days after sowing on the basis of 5 and 10% acceptable yield loss, respectively. For that reason, pre-emergence treatments are unnecessary. However, it is necessary to protect corn from weeds for a long time to prevent high yield loss.