European Cells & Materials (May 2025)

Innovative approach: MRI-guided fabrication of a biomimetic intervertebral disc scaffold

  • YC Ye,
  • C Shao,
  • Y Wang,
  • FG Lin,
  • P Su,
  • YP Niu,
  • HW Yang,
  • ZC Wang,
  • T Ma,
  • S Ji,
  • WJ Chang,
  • J Xi,
  • R Wang,
  • K Zhu,
  • CC Zhang,
  • YM Sun

DOI
https://doi.org/10.22203/eCM.v051a03
Journal volume & issue
Vol. 51
pp. 46 – 60

Abstract

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Background: This study aimed to develop a new intervertebral disc (IVD) scaffold using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) grayscale image analysis and gray exposure digital light processing (GE-DLP) technology to replicate the natural structure of the IVD, providing improved biomechanical performance and cell compatibility. Tissue engineering presents a promising alternative, with bio-scaffolds being a key element for IVD regeneration. Methods: In this study, a three-dimensional (3D) model of the IVD was constructed from MRI scans of a healthy volunteer, and the grayscale images were processed to distinguish between tissue types. Exposure times were adjusted based on grayscale values, and GE-DLP was employed to fabricate the biomimetic IVD scaffold in a single integrated process using a bicomponent polymer network (BCN) hydrogel laden with nucleus pulposus mesenchymal stem cells (NPMSCs). The microstructure and porosity of the scaffold were analyzed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and the elastic modulus across the radial distribution was evaluated by nanoindentation. In addition, the biomechanical performance was determined using finite element analysis (FEA). For biocompatibility assessment, cytoskeleton staining was conducted to observe cell morphology, and cell viability was evaluated using Calcein/propidium iodide (PI) staining. Results: The biomimetic IVD scaffold mimicked the natural structure and mechanics of the intervertebral disc, with gradient changes in elastic modulus and pore size. Finite element analysis showed that the scaffold responded similarly to a real IVD during certain movements. Scanning electron microscopy showed a network of pores in the scaffold that are important for cell attachment and growth. The scaffold showed high biocompatibility, with cells surviving well for seven days. Conclusions: In this research, a novel biomimetic IVD scaffold with excellent static structural integrity and biomechanical performance was successfully engineered by combining MRI image analysis and GE-DLP technology.

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