The Astrophysical Journal (Jan 2025)
A Glimpse of Satellite Galaxies in the Milky Way with the 2.5 m Wide Field Survey Telescope (WFST): Boötes III and Draco
- Chao Yang,
- Zhizheng Pan,
- Min Fang,
- Xian Zhong Zheng,
- Binyang Liu,
- Guoliang Li,
- Tian-Rui Sun,
- Ji-An Jiang,
- Miaomiao Zhang,
- Zhen Wan,
- Shuang Liu,
- Han Qu,
- Ji Yang,
- Xu Kong,
- Wenhao Liu,
- Yiping Shu,
- Jiang Chang,
- Tinggui Wang,
- Lulu Fan,
- Yongquan Xue,
- Wentao Luo,
- Hongxin Zhang,
- Zheng Lou,
- Haibin Zhao,
- Bin Li,
- Hairen Wang,
- Dazhi Yao,
- Jian Wang,
- Hongfei Zhang,
- Feng Li,
- Hao Liu,
- Ming Liang,
- Jinlong Tang,
- Yuheng Zhang,
- Man Qiao,
- Run Wen,
- Zongfei Lyu
Affiliations
- Chao Yang
- ORCiD
- Purple Mountain Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Nanjing 210023, People’s Republic of China ; [email protected]; School of Astronomy and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei 230026, People’s Republic of China
- Zhizheng Pan
- Purple Mountain Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Nanjing 210023, People’s Republic of China ; [email protected]; School of Astronomy and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei 230026, People’s Republic of China
- Min Fang
- Purple Mountain Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Nanjing 210023, People’s Republic of China ; [email protected]; School of Astronomy and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei 230026, People’s Republic of China
- Xian Zhong Zheng
- ORCiD
- Purple Mountain Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Nanjing 210023, People’s Republic of China ; [email protected]; Tsung-Dao Lee Institute and State Key Laboratory of Dark Matter Physics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University , Shanghai, 201210, People’s Republic of China
- Binyang Liu
- ORCiD
- Purple Mountain Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Nanjing 210023, People’s Republic of China ; [email protected]
- Guoliang Li
- Purple Mountain Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Nanjing 210023, People’s Republic of China ; [email protected]; School of Astronomy and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei 230026, People’s Republic of China
- Tian-Rui Sun
- ORCiD
- Purple Mountain Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Nanjing 210023, People’s Republic of China ; [email protected]
- Ji-An Jiang
- ORCiD
- School of Astronomy and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei 230026, People’s Republic of China; Department of Astronomy, University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei 230026, People’s Republic of China; National Astronomical Observatory of Japan, National Institutes of Natural Sciences , Tokyo 181-8588, Japan
- Miaomiao Zhang
- ORCiD
- Purple Mountain Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Nanjing 210023, People’s Republic of China ; [email protected]
- Zhen Wan
- School of Astronomy and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei 230026, People’s Republic of China; Department of Astronomy, University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei 230026, People’s Republic of China
- Shuang Liu
- ORCiD
- Purple Mountain Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Nanjing 210023, People’s Republic of China ; [email protected]; School of Astronomy and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei 230026, People’s Republic of China
- Han Qu
- Purple Mountain Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Nanjing 210023, People’s Republic of China ; [email protected]; School of Astronomy and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei 230026, People’s Republic of China
- Ji Yang
- ORCiD
- Purple Mountain Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Nanjing 210023, People’s Republic of China ; [email protected]; School of Astronomy and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei 230026, People’s Republic of China
- Xu Kong
- ORCiD
- School of Astronomy and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei 230026, People’s Republic of China; Department of Astronomy, University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei 230026, People’s Republic of China; Institute of Deep Space Sciences , Deep Space Exploration Laboratory, Hefei, 230026, People’s Republic of China
- Wenhao Liu
- ORCiD
- Purple Mountain Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Nanjing 210023, People’s Republic of China ; [email protected]; School of Astronomy and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei 230026, People’s Republic of China
- Yiping Shu
- ORCiD
- Purple Mountain Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Nanjing 210023, People’s Republic of China ; [email protected]; School of Astronomy and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei 230026, People’s Republic of China
- Jiang Chang
- Purple Mountain Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Nanjing 210023, People’s Republic of China ; [email protected]; School of Astronomy and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei 230026, People’s Republic of China
- Tinggui Wang
- ORCiD
- School of Astronomy and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei 230026, People’s Republic of China; Department of Astronomy, University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei 230026, People’s Republic of China; Institute of Deep Space Sciences , Deep Space Exploration Laboratory, Hefei, 230026, People’s Republic of China
- Lulu Fan
- ORCiD
- School of Astronomy and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei 230026, People’s Republic of China; Department of Astronomy, University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei 230026, People’s Republic of China; Institute of Deep Space Sciences , Deep Space Exploration Laboratory, Hefei, 230026, People’s Republic of China
- Yongquan Xue
- ORCiD
- School of Astronomy and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei 230026, People’s Republic of China; Department of Astronomy, University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei 230026, People’s Republic of China
- Wentao Luo
- ORCiD
- Institute of Deep Space Sciences , Deep Space Exploration Laboratory, Hefei, 230026, People’s Republic of China
- Hongxin Zhang
- ORCiD
- Department of Astronomy, University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei 230026, People’s Republic of China; CAS Key Laboratory for Research in Galaxies and Cosmology, Department of Astronomy, University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei, 230026, People’s Republic of China
- Zheng Lou
- Purple Mountain Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Nanjing 210023, People’s Republic of China ; [email protected]
- Haibin Zhao
- Purple Mountain Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Nanjing 210023, People’s Republic of China ; [email protected]; School of Astronomy and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei 230026, People’s Republic of China
- Bin Li
- Purple Mountain Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Nanjing 210023, People’s Republic of China ; [email protected]
- Hairen Wang
- Purple Mountain Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Nanjing 210023, People’s Republic of China ; [email protected]
- Dazhi Yao
- Purple Mountain Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Nanjing 210023, People’s Republic of China ; [email protected]
- Jian Wang
- Institute of Deep Space Sciences , Deep Space Exploration Laboratory, Hefei, 230026, People’s Republic of China; State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics, University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei 230026, People’s Republic of China
- Hongfei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics, University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei 230026, People’s Republic of China
- Feng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics, University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei 230026, People’s Republic of China
- Hao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics, University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei 230026, People’s Republic of China
- Ming Liang
- National Optical Astronomy Observatory (NSF’s National Optical-Infrared Astronomy Research Laboratory) , 950 N Cherry Ave, Tucson, AZ 85726, USA
- Jinlong Tang
- Institute of Optics and Electronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Chengdu 610209, People’s Republic of China
- Yuheng Zhang
- Purple Mountain Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Nanjing 210023, People’s Republic of China ; [email protected]; School of Astronomy and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei 230026, People’s Republic of China
- Man Qiao
- Purple Mountain Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Nanjing 210023, People’s Republic of China ; [email protected]; School of Astronomy and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei 230026, People’s Republic of China
- Run Wen
- ORCiD
- Purple Mountain Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Nanjing 210023, People’s Republic of China ; [email protected]; School of Astronomy and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei 230026, People’s Republic of China
- Zongfei Lyu
- Purple Mountain Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Nanjing 210023, People’s Republic of China ; [email protected]; School of Astronomy and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei 230026, People’s Republic of China
- DOI
- https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ade78e
- Journal volume & issue
-
Vol. 988,
no. 2
p. 199
Abstract
We carry out deep imaging of the Milky Way satellite galaxies, Boötes III and Draco, with the Wide Field Survey Telescope (WFST) as one pilot observing program to demonstrate the capability of WFST. Combining catalogs with PS1 DR2 and Gaia DR3, we derive proper motions for candidate member stars in these two satellite galaxies over a 12 yr time baseline, yielding uncertainties of ∼1.8 mas yr ^−1 at 21 mag and ∼3.0 mas yr ^−1 at 22 mag in the r band. The proper motions derived from bright and faint stars are consistent, indicating no significant variation in proper motion across stellar luminosity as these galaxies undergo tidal interactions with the Milky Way (MW). Meanwhile, we suggest that Boötes III represents the bound remnant of the progenitor galaxy that gave rise to the Styx stream, as evidenced by its elongated density profile and overdensity in both spatial and kinematic space. This is the first paper to use WFST to measure the proper motions of faint stars in MW satellite galaxies. More detailed analyses will be presented in forthcoming papers from the wide field survey program.
Keywords
