Aktualʹnì Pitannâ Farmacevtičnoï ì Medičnoï Nauki ta Praktiki (Jul 2025)
The relevance of creating a new combined ophthalmic drug with anti-inflammatory and antibacterial effects
Abstract
In the conditions of the full-scale invasion of the Russian Federation into Ukraine, the number of eye injuries and burns has significantly increased, which is the biggest problem of modern civilian and military medicine. The surface of the eye, constituting only 0.3 % of the total body surface, is extremely sensitive, and it accounts for more than 13 % of all injuries during hostilities. Occupational eye injuries in workers in the agricultural and metallurgical sectors also pose a significant threat. These injuries often lead to serious consequences, including loss of vision or a significant decrease in its functions. In addition, due to hostilities, the number of such injuries and burns has significantly increased, and the medical system is facing new challenges in the treatment of eye injuries. In such difficult circumstances, there is an urgent need to create new combined ophthalmic drugs for the treatment of injuries and burns of the organs of vision. Therefore, it is necessary to develop drugs with anti-inflammatory, antibacterial and antifungal properties, since infections and inflammation that occur after injuries are one of the main complications that can significantly worsen the prognosis of treatment and lead to vision loss. Aim. Substantiation of the need to develop a new combined drug for ophthalmology that causes anti-inflammatory, antibacterial and antifungal effects. Materials and methods. Data from sources of professional literature presented in international bibliographic databases (Web of Science, Scopus, PubMed, Chemical Abstracts) were used as the object of research. Methods of systematic analysis and information search were used. In the process of work, a bibliosemantic approach was used to analyze the relationship between key topics and areas of research, as well as methods of descriptive and generalized analysis. Results. The article analyzes the current state of the pharmaceutical market of ophthalmic drugs, antibacterial, antifungal and antiviral agents. The mechanism of action and features of the use of the main groups of drugs are considered in detail: antibiotics (chloramphenicol, ciprofloxacin, lomefloxacin, ofloxacin, tetracycline, gentamicin, tobramycin, erythromycin, moxifloxacin), sulfonamides (sulfatamide), antiseptics (miramistin) and anti-inflammatory drugs (glucocorticoids and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs). Conclusions. It was found that with a wide range of available drugs, their therapeutic effect often remains insufficient in complex eye injuries, especially those received during combat operations. Most of available drugs are aimed at treating standard inflammatory processes or certain types of infections, while complex combat injuries require greater pharmacological action and diverse therapy. The need to develop a new combined drug with simultaneous anti-inflammatory, antibacterial and antifungal effects is substantiated. Such drug should provide an effect on several pathogenetic mechanisms, which will reduce the healing of eye tissues, reduce the risk of infectious complications and disability in victims of military operations and accidents in workers in the agricultural and metallurgical sectors.
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