Trends in cannabis-attributable hospitalizations and emergency department visits: data from the Canadian Substance Use Costs and Harms Study (2007–2020)

Abstract

IntroductionThe prevalence of cannabis use continues to increase among certain populations in Canada. This study focussed on the increase in cannabis-attributable hospitalizations and emergency department (ED) visits from 2007 to 2020. MethodsTo estimate the counts of hospitalizations and ED visits attributable to cannabis use, we acquired record-level hospital discharge data with ICD-10 diagnostic information for all fiscal years 2006/07 to 2020/21. Diagnostic information was used to associate each record to a health condition category for eight substances, including cannabis. The prevalence of cannabis use was estimated for each province or territory, calendar year, sex and age using national survey information. These estimates were used to adjust relative risk estimates derived from cannabis literature to calculate cannabisattributable fractions, which were in turn used to estimate the proportion of hospitalizations and ED visits that were attributable to cannabis use. ResultsBetween 2007 and 2020, the overall rate of cannabis-attributable inpatient hospitalizations increased by 120%, from 6.4 in 2007 to 14.0 per 100 000 in 2020. Cannabis-attributable ED visits increased by 113%, from 52.1 per 100 000 in 2007 to 111.0 per 100 000 in 2019, and then decreased by 12% in 2020. This study found that the increases in hospitalizations and ED visits were partly attributed to neuropsychiatric conditions, particularly hospitalizations due to psychotic disorders and ED visits due to acute intoxication among children and youth. ConclusionOngoing monitoring of cannabis-attributable harms is necessary to understand the harms related to use and the factors that influence the ways in which people use cannabis and seek care. Further research may distinguish the early effects of legalization trends from the early pandemic period data.