Effect of creatine supplementation on muscular function and physical performance in children and adolescents a literature review

Abstract

Introduction: Creatine (Cr) is an effective and safe ergogenic supplement that enhances post-exercise recovery, prevents injuries, supports thermoregulation, and provides benefits in rehabilitation, as well as spinal and cerebral neuroprotection for adults and older individuals. However, the evidence regarding its benefits in the pediatric population across various contexts has not been conclusive. Objective: Analyze the impact of different doses of Cr on physical performance and muscle function in children and adolescents in general through a systematic review of the literature. Materials and methods: This review followed the PRISMA reporting guidelines in the electronic databases of PubMed/Medline and Google Scholar. It included controlled clinical trials conducted between 1997 and May 2023 that assessed the effect of Cr supplementation on muscle function and physical performance in children and adolescents. A total of 20 studies were included. Results: The subjects included young high-performance athletes from different disciplines and children or adolescents diagnosed with pathologies affecting muscle function. Significant effects were found in athletes' physical performance and muscular function at various doses and periods of supplementation, unlike those involving a pathology, which mainly did not present improvements in these variables. Conclusions: Some reports suggest a positive effect on physical performance, specifically in young athletes. However, the Cr doses, posology, and administration protocols vary between studies.

Keywords

• ergogenic aids
• muscle gain
• pediatric population
• young athletes